this(....) calls another consteuctor in the same class with different parameters (some people refer to this as "chained constructors").
For example, you have a Square class that needs 3 basic parameters: x,y, and length (length would be the width and the height, cuz it's a square)
Just to keep things easy though, you want to provide a constructor that defaults x and y to 0, so all you would have to specify is length. You could use chainged constructors for this:
public class Square {
int x,y,length;
public Square(int length) {
// default x and y to 0
this(0,0,length);
}
public Square(int x,int y, int length) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.length = length;
}
}