I suppose a Java pattern would be one that would apply in general programs, and have been expressed in Java. You could probably use them in a standalone app, applet, web app, or whatever.
In contrast, I would guess that J2EE patterns would be ones that are specifcally applicable to enterprise apps and have been realized in Java.
Object-oriented design patterns are not specific to any technology or programming language.
1. "Java patterns" do not exist.
2. The J2EE-based object-oriented design patterns that were created a few years back are for building applications with the "J2EE Reference Architecture", emphasizing three-tier programming and design.