ROM read needs as many clock cycles as the Assembler/C instruction takes to fetch the address. I do not know how other smart card OS's store the applets, but in JCOP only the package and libraries may be stored in ROM. The applet instance is created in EEPROM (registry, ..). There should be no difference between ROM and EEPROM based packages/libraries.
Can't tell you much about FLASH or FRAM. I think the only difference is that in FLASH the granularity is one byte, and in EEPROM it is page wise (32, 64 .. byte).