There are several possibilities.
In case of a GlobalPlatform card you can get the information from the Issuer Security Domain:
- with the GET DATA command on Tag 45 (Card Image Number)
- If it is a Visa GlobalPlatform card (e.g. JCOP) you use GET DATA to retrieve the so called CPLC data on the DGI 9F7F --> IC serial number
If it is a contactless card, you can identify a card via the UID (Unique Identifer, see ISO14443).