> What is the theory behind this algorithm?
> Does anyone know a suitable link ?
The notion of 攔elaxation?comes from an analogy between shortest path
and a tension spring. First we overestimate a shortest path. Over time,
as shorter paths are found, we 攔elax?the spring, or lower our cost *.
* http://activities.tjhsst.edu/sct/lectures/graph1.pdf