I don't think there is a limit on the number of listeners you can have beyond the obvious resource limitations on the JVM. There may be a limit to the number of connections that the server will accept at one time though so you could end up locking the server for everyone trying to retrieve messages while you look to see if they have any.
I have to ask, why would you want to watch all the mailboxes at all times? I think if you look at whatever feature you are trying to implement there is a better way of doing it.